![]() ![]() The reason given was that Türkiye "represents and expresses the culture, civilization, and values of the Turkish nation in the best way". The circular also stated that in relation to other governmental communications, the "necessary sensitivity will be shown on the use of the phrase 'Türkiye' instead of phrases such as 'Turkey' (in English)". In December 2021, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan issued a circular, calling for exports to be labeled "Made in Türkiye". In the treaty signed with Afghanistan in 1921, the expression Devlet-i Âliyye-i Türkiyye ('Sublime Turkish State') was used, likened to the Ottoman Empire's name. With the Treaty of Alexandropol, the name Türkiye entered international documents for the first time. In Byzantine sources, the name Tourkia ( Greek: Τουρκία) was used for defining two medieval states: Hungary ( Western Tourkia) and Khazaria ( Eastern Tourkia). The name Turkey has been used in the texts of numerous international treaties to define the Ottoman Empire. The modern spelling Turkey dates back to at least 1719. Middle English usage of Turkye is evidenced in Geoffrey Chaucer's The Book of the Duchess ( c. The English name Turkey (from Medieval Latin Turchia/ Turquia) means "land of the Turks". The name Turkey appears in Western sources after the late 11th century, referring to the Seljuk-controlled lands in Anatolia and the Near East. Turkey is home to 21 UNESCO World Heritage Sites and is the fourth most visited country in the world. ![]() ![]() After becoming one of the early members of the Council of Europe in 1950, Turkey became an associate member of the EEC in 1963, joined the EU Customs Union in 1995, and started accession negotiations with the European Union in 2005. Turkey is a charter member of the United Nations, the IMF and the World Bank a founding member of the OSCE, OIC, BSEC, ECO, MIKTA, TURKSOY and OTS and an early member of NATO. The economy of Turkey, which is a founding member of the OECD and G20, is classified among the E7, EAGLEs and NICs, and currently ranks 17th-largest in the world by nominal GDP and 11th-largest by PPP. Turkey is a regional power with a geopolitically significant strategic location. The Turkish War of Independence against the occupying Allied Powers resulted in the abolition of the sultanate on 1 November 1922, the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne on 24 July 1923 and the proclamation of a republic on 29 October 1923, modelled on the reforms initiated by the country's first president, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. After its defeat in the war, the Ottoman Empire was partitioned. During the war, the Ottoman government committed genocides against its Armenian, Greek and Assyrian subjects. The Three Pashas took control with the 1913 coup d'état, and the Ottoman Empire entered World War I as one of the Central Powers in 1914. The Young Turk Revolution of 1908 restricted the authority of the sultan and restored the Ottoman Parliament. Mahmud II started a period of modernization in the early 19th century. įrom the late 18th century onwards, the empire's power and territory declined. During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire became a global power. After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople (now Istanbul) in 1453, Ottoman expansion continued under Selim I. Beginning in the late 13th century, the Ottomans united the principalities and conquered the Balkans. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243, when it disintegrated into small Turkish principalities. The Seljuk Turks began migrating to Anatolia in the 11th century, which started the Turkification process. ![]() Following the conquests of Alexander the Great which started the Hellenistic period, most of the ancient Anatolian regions were culturally Hellenized, and this continued during the Byzantine era. One of the world's earliest permanently settled regions, present-day Turkey is home to important Neolithic sites like Göbekli Tepe and was inhabited by ancient civilizations including the Hattians, Hittites, Anatolian peoples, Greeks, Assyrians, and Persians. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city, while Istanbul is its largest city and economic and financial centre, as well as the largest city in Europe. Most of the country's citizens are ethnic Turks, while Kurds are the largest ethnic minority. It borders the Black Sea to the north Georgia to the northeast Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east Iraq to the southeast Syria and the Mediterranean Sea to the south the Aegean Sea to the west and Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest. It is mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in West Asia, with a small portion called East Thrace on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti ⓘ), is a country in Southeast Europe and West Asia. ![]()
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